Politics and Reform in the Gilded Age

During the Gilded Age, the rapid industrialization and urbanization led to significant changes in the political landscape of the United States. This period was characterized by rampant corruption, the proliferation of political machines, and the influence of powerful businessmen on government policies. Key political developments included debates over tariffs, the silver standard, and civil service reform. Understanding the effects of these changes is crucial for grasping the complexities of American politics in the late 19th century.

Which of the following political developments in the Gilded Age primarily aimed to reduce the influence of political machines and promote merit-based government employment?