SCOTUS Comparison: Judicial Review and Federal Powers

In the landmark case Marbury v. Madison (1803), the Supreme Court established the principle of judicial review, which allows the Court to invalidate laws deemed unconstitutional. Conversely, in United States v. Lopez (1995), the Supreme Court limited the federal government’s power under the Commerce Clause by ruling that the Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990 exceeded Congress's authority.

Discuss the reasoning and decisions of both cases. In your response, include what each case established regarding the powers of the judiciary and Congress, as well as the implications these decisions had on federalism in the United States.