Ocean Acidification and Its Effect on Marine Life

The following passage explains the phenomenon of ocean acidification and its ecological implications:

As carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the atmosphere rise, a significant portion of this gas is absorbed by the oceans. This process leads to a decrease in the pH levels of ocean water, which is termed ocean acidification. Research shows that the current rate of acidification is unprecedented in the last 300 million years. Marine organisms, particularly calcifying species like corals and shellfish, rely on calcium carbonate to form their shells and skeletons. Lower pH levels hinder their ability to produce this essential compound, leading to weakened structures and, ultimately, population declines. Not only does acidification affect marine biodiversity, but it also poses threats to the food security of communities that depend on these organisms for their livelihoods.

Furthermore, scientists warn that the ongoing acidification could have cascading effects on marine ecosystems, potentially disrupting predator-prey relationships and altering nutrient dynamics. The loss of coral reefs, often referred to as the rainforests of the sea, will particularly impact coastal protection and biodiversity.