Parallel Reasoning: Correlation and Causation Structure

Medium Parallel Reasoning Find Similar Structure

In a recent study, researchers found that individuals who regularly engage in physical exercise report higher levels of happiness than those who do not. The researchers concluded that regular physical exercise increases happiness. However, they acknowledged that correlation does not imply causation, and other factors, such as social interactions or genetic disposition, might also contribute to the increased happiness levels.

Which of the following arguments is most similar in structure to the reasoning used in the researchers' conclusion?

Students who study late at night tend to perform better on exams. Therefore, studying late at night improves exam performance.

People who consume more fruits and vegetables generally have better health. Thus, eating more fruits and vegetables leads to better health.

Children who play outside frequently display more creativity than those who stay indoors. This suggests that playing outside fosters creativity.

Many successful entrepreneurs read regularly. Hence, reading regularly creates successful entrepreneurs.

Individuals who volunteer often report higher job satisfaction than those who do not volunteer. However, other factors, like prior work experience, could also influence job satisfaction.

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