Pathophysiological Mechanism in Heart Failure

A 65-year-old female patient presents to the emergency department with acute shortness of breath. Upon assessment, the nurse notes a distended neck vein, peripheral edema, and lung crackles on auscultation. The patient has a history of hypertension and coronary artery disease. An ECG indicates left ventricular hypertrophy. Which of the following pathophysiological mechanisms is most likely causing the patient's symptoms?