Pathophysiology of Respiratory Conditions

A 65-year-old male patient is admitted to the hospital with complaints of shortness of breath and a chronic cough. The patient has a history of smoking for 40 years and is currently experiencing wheezing and excessive mucus production. Upon examination, the healthcare provider notes decreased breath sounds in the lower lobes and signs of respiratory distress.

Based on this clinical scenario, which of the following pathophysiological conditions is most likely contributing to the patient’s symptoms?