Perceptual Interpretation Processes

Consider the following scenario: A person walks into a large art gallery filled with various artworks. As they walk around, they notice how different aspects of the paintings evoke different emotions and interpretations. This instance illustrates a key concept in psychology related to how prior experiences and cultural background influence how we perceive and interpret sensory information. Which of the following terms best describes the process by which individuals use their background and experiences to make sense of sensory information?