Protein Structure and Function

The primary structure of proteins is determined by the unique sequence of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. As these proteins fold into their three-dimensional shapes, various interactions between the side chains (R groups) of the amino acids play a crucial role in stabilizing this structure. The cellular environment, including the presence of chaperone proteins and the cellular pH, can significantly influence protein folding.

In eukaryotic cells, ribosomes synthesize proteins in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), leading to post-translational modifications that occur as proteins are transported through the secretory pathway. Understanding the elements that affect protein structure can help elucidate their function and potential for malfunction in diseases.

Based on this information, which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between the amino acid sequence and the structure-function paradigm of proteins?