Psychoanalysis vs. Behaviorism in Psychology

In the early 20th century, the burgeoning field of psychology witnessed the rise of multiple therapeutic approaches. Among these was psychoanalysis, founded by Sigmund Freud. This approach emphasized the uncovering of unconscious thoughts and feelings through techniques such as free association and dream analysis. Concurrently, behaviorism emerged as a reaction against earlier psychological theories. Pioneered by figures like John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner, behaviorism focused on observable behaviors rather than internal mental states. Behaviorists argued that human behavior could be shaped through reinforcement and conditioning, fundamentally changing therapeutic practices. The contrast between these two schools of thought sparked significant debate within the psychological community, leading to the development of various hybrid approaches that incorporated both cognitive and behavioral therapies. Understanding these foundational theories is crucial for comprehending contemporary psychological practices.