Role of Mutations in Evolution

Evolution refers to the process by which species change over time through adaptations and natural selection. A classic example of evolution is the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. When a bacterial population is exposed to antibiotics, most of the bacteria may be killed off, but some may possess mutations that provide resistance to the drug. These resistant bacteria survive and reproduce, leading to a new generation of bacteria that are also resistant. This process illustrates how adaptive traits can be favored in changing environments.

Based on the concept of evolution outlined above, which of the following statements best describes the role of mutations in evolution?