Selective Incorporation: Palko Case

Selective incorporation is a pivotal legal doctrine that aims to apply the Bill of Rights to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause. It has significantly reshaped civil liberties in the United States by ensuring that states cannot infringe on fundamental rights. One of the landmark cases that served as a foundation for this doctrine was Palko v. Connecticut, where the Supreme Court ruled that certain protections within the Bill of Rights are indeed fundamental to the American scheme of justice.

Reflecting on the doctrine of selective incorporation, which of the following amendments was specifically ruled as applicable to the states as a result of the Palko decision?