Selective Pressure and Moth Coloration

In a study of a population of moths, researchers documented a phenomenon where the coloration of the moths varied significantly based on the region they inhabited. In dark forested areas, most moths were observed to be darker, allowing them to blend in with their surroundings, thus avoiding predation. Conversely, in light, sandy areas, lighter-colored moths predominated. This variation in coloration is believed to be a consequence of selective pressures from predation and environmental factors.

This observation aligns with the principles of natural selection. Given this information, consider the following scenarios regarding evolutionary adaptation: