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Multiple Choice

Consequences of the Columbian Exchange

Medium Period 1: 1491–1607 Columbian Exchange

The Columbian Exchange refers to the widespread transfer of animals, plants, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World (Europe, Asia, and Africa) following Christopher Columbus's voyages. This exchange had profound impacts on the societies involved, both positively and negatively. Consider the following effects of the Columbian Exchange:

Which of the following most accurately describes a significant consequence of the Columbian Exchange during the period of early European colonization?

The introduction of Native American agricultural practices to Europe, leading to a decrease in European famine.

The spread of smallpox to the Americas, resulting in devastating population declines among Indigenous peoples.

The establishment of trade routes for enslaved Africans to the Americas, which had no impact on Native American communities.

The exchange of animals such as horses and cattle, primarily benefiting Native American societies in the Northeast.

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