Formation of Early Political Parties

During the late 18th century, the political landscape of the United States transformed significantly as differing ideologies emerged among political leaders. This led to the formation of the first political parties, notably the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans. As these parties began to solidify their bases and articulate their distinct platforms, a clash over key issues, including the role of the federal government and foreign relations, became evident. Which of the following developments most directly contributed to the establishment of the first political parties in the United States?