Supremacy Clause Implications in Federalism

In the context of federalism in the United States, the Supremacy Clause of the Constitution plays a critical role in delineating the authority between state and federal laws. This clause, found in Article VI, asserts that federal laws take precedence over state laws if there is a conflict between the two. Understanding the implications of the Supremacy Clause is essential for analyzing the balance of power in U.S. governance. Given this information, which of the following scenarios best illustrates the implications of the Supremacy Clause in federalism?