Systemic Changes in Chronic Kidney Disease

Hard Physiological Adaptation Pathophysiology

A patient diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is being monitored for potential complications. CKD is known to cause various systemic effects due to the kidneys' impaired ability to filter waste and regulate body fluids. As a nurse, it's crucial to understand the pathophysiological changes associated with CKD to provide appropriate care. Which of the following systemic changes are most likely to occur as a result of chronic kidney disease? Select all that apply.

Select all that apply:

Hyperkalemia due to decreased potassium excretion.

Hypertension as a result of fluid retention and RAA activation.

Metabolic acidosis secondary to reduced bicarbonate reabsorption.

Anemia related to decreased erythropoietin production.

Hyperphosphatemia resulting from impaired phosphate excretion.

Osteodystrophy due to calcium and phosphate imbalance.

Hint

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