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Medical College Admission Test
Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems

Transcription Factor Mutation Impact on Gene Expression

Hard Biology Molecular Biology

In eukaryotic cells, the process of gene expression is tightly regulated at multiple levels, one critical component of which is the role of transcription factors. These proteins bind to specific DNA sequences to promote or inhibit the transcription of genes. Consider the following scenarios regarding the interaction of transcription factors with DNA:

A transcription factor can bind a silencer region to repress transcription, while binding to an enhancer region can increase transcription levels. Moreover, the presence of post-translational modifications of histones can further influence the accessibility of the DNA for transcription factors. Based on this information, which statement best describes the consequences of a mutation in a transcription factor that alters its ability to bind to an enhancer region?

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