Type III Secretion System in Pathogenic Bacteria

Very Hard Biology Microbiology

In the realm of microbiology, understanding the mechanisms of microbial pathogenesis is crucial. Consider a pathogenic bacterium that utilizes a variety of virulence factors to successfully infect a host. One such factor is a type of secretion system that allows the bacterium to inject effector proteins directly into host cells. This mechanism is particularly observed in Gram-negative bacteria and enhances their ability to manipulate host cellular processes.

Among the various types of secretion systems, the Type III Secretion System (T3SS) is notable for its role in the pathogenesis of several significant human pathogens, such as Salmonella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is essential to understand the components and locations within the bacterium that facilitate this secretion process. Which of the following statements accurately describes a characteristic of the Type III Secretion System in relation to its structure and function?

The T3SS is exclusively found in Gram-positive bacteria and typically utilizes a pilus-like structure to deliver effectors.

The T3SS consists of a needle-like apparatus that punctures the host cell membrane, allowing effector proteins to enter.

The T3SS requires ATP to function and is involved in the degradation of host cell DNA.

The T3SS transports proteins universally to all eukaryotic cells, regardless of bacterial type or host immunity.

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