Undermining the Energy Drinks Effect on Test Scores

Medium Weaken Undermine Argument

In a recent study, researchers found that students who regularly consumed energy drinks scored lower on standardized tests compared to those who did not consume energy drinks. The researchers concluded that energy drinks negatively impact students' academic performance. However, the study did not account for other factors such as sleep deprivation, the quality of study habits, or pre-existing academic performance levels.

Based on this information, which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the researchers' conclusion?

Students who consume energy drinks are generally more active and participate in sports, which can affect test performance.

The majority of students who drink energy drinks report feeling more alert and focused during their studies.

The study showed that energy drink consumption is higher among students who sleep less than those who do not.

Research indicates that the taste of energy drinks is a significant motivator for students, regardless of academic performance.

Many students believe that energy drinks improve their concentration and study efficiency.

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