Understanding Lecture Organization on Life Origins
In today's lecture on the origins of life on Earth, Professor Johnson discusses several theories. First, he outlines the 'primordial soup' theory, which suggests that life began in a warm, shallow ocean filled with organic compounds. He explains how energy sources like lightning may have triggered chemical reactions that formed simple life forms. Next, he presents the 'hydrothermal vent' theory, proposing that life might have started near volcanic vents on the ocean floor, where heated water interacts with minerals. Professor Johnson wraps up the lecture by highlighting that, while these theories are widely discussed, the exact origins remain a fascinating mystery in the scientific community.
Note: This question has been adapted from its original format to accommodate a reading-based version. In the official TOEFL exam, speaking and listening sections require verbal responses and audio prompts, which are not represented here. Please note that this adaptation may not fully reflect the nature or difficulty of the official exam. The audio feature for these sections will be available soon.