Understanding Marine Ecosystem Functions
Listen carefully to the following passage:
Today, we are embarking on an exciting journey into the fascinating world of marine biology. Marine biologist Dr. Ellis will discuss the critical role that oceanic ecosystems play in our planet's health. She'll elaborate on five vital components: nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration, biodiversity maintenance, habitat provision, and water purification. As she navigates through these topics, Dr. Ellis will provide specific examples of each component's impact on both marine life and human health. Additionally, she will highlight current threats to these ecosystems, such as pollution and climate change, and discuss ongoing conservation efforts aimed at mitigating these impacts. By the end of this lecture, you will have a comprehensive understanding of why protecting our oceans is crucial for the sustainability of all life on Earth.
Note: This question has been adapted from its original format to accommodate a reading-based version. In the official TOEFL exam, speaking and listening sections require verbal responses and audio prompts, which are not represented here. Please note that this adaptation may not fully reflect the nature or difficulty of the official exam. The audio feature for these sections will be available soon.
Select all that apply: