Understanding Pathophysiology of Pneumonia

A 72-year-old male patient presents to the hospital with a diagnosis of pneumonia. His medical history includes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and diabetes mellitus. Upon assessment, the nurse observes that the patient is exhibiting altered mental status, increased respiratory rate, and productive cough with green sputum. Understanding the pathophysiology underlying pneumonia is crucial for effective management.

In bacterial pneumonia, the inflammation of lung parenchyma often leads to impaired gas exchange due to fluid accumulation in the alveoli. The nurse must recognize that as the alveolar spaces fill with exudate, the risk for hypoxia increases. This condition could potentially lead to complications such as respiratory failure.

Fill in the blank: In this scenario, the primary pathophysiological change that occurs in pneumonia involves the accumulation of __________ in the alveoli, leading to impaired gas exchange.