Understanding Professor Adams' Lecture on Urbanization and Ecosystems
In a recent lecture, Professor Adams discussed the implications of urbanization on local ecosystems. He argued that rapid urban growth has led to significant biodiversity loss, primarily due to habitat destruction. He further explained that urban areas often replace forests and wetlands with buildings and roads, disrupting the natural habitats of many species. However, he highlighted some cities that have implemented green initiatives. For instance, cities like Singapore and Vancouver have introduced vertical gardens and green roofs, which not only help mitigate urban heat effects but also provide crucial habitats for various organisms. Professor Adams concluded his lecture by emphasizing the necessity of integrating ecological considerations into urban planning to create more sustainable cities.
Note: This question has been adapted from its original format to accommodate a reading-based version. In the official TOEFL exam, speaking and listening sections require verbal responses and audio prompts, which are not represented here. Please note that this adaptation may not fully reflect the nature or difficulty of the official exam. The audio feature for these sections will be available soon.