Understanding the Essence of the Avant-Garde Movement

In the early 20th century, a group of artists known as the avant-garde sought to challenge the established norms of the art world. Their methods were radical, often characterized by the use of abstract forms and unorthodox materials. This movement encompassed various mediums, including painting, sculpture, and performance art. Critically, the avant-garde artists aimed to provoke thought and reinterpret the very definition of art in society. As their influence grew, traditionalists in the art community responded with both criticism and curiosity.

One central figure in this movement was Marcel Duchamp, whose work not only questioned the aesthetic values of traditional art but also posed philosophical inquiries about the role of the artist in society. His most notable piece, a simple urinal titled 'Fountain', initiated robust debates about originality, craftsmanship, and artistic merit.

Which of the following statements best captures the essence of the avant-garde movement as described in the passage?