Understanding the Role of Growth Hormone in Endocrine Regulation

Hard Biology Endocrine System

Endocrine disorders can have profound effects on various physiological processes in the human body. Consider a patient who is diagnosed with a condition resulting in hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) after the growth plates have closed. This condition leads to acromegaly, characterized by various systemic effects.

Regarding the endocrine regulation associated with growth hormone, which of the following statements is most accurate about its physiological effects and the mechanism through which it operates?

Growth hormone primarily acts on liver tissue to induce the secretion of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which mediates many of the growth-related effects.

Growth hormone directly stimulates gluconeogenesis in the liver without the involvement of IGF-1.

Growth hormone functions independently of any hormonal feedback mechanisms, exclusively promoting cellular differentiation.

Growth hormone antagonizes the actions of insulin to decrease blood glucose levels.

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