Understanding Urbanization During the Industrial Revolution

In the 19th century, the Industrial Revolution significantly transformed societies around the globe. Factory systems replaced individual craftsmanship, leading to mass production of goods. This shift not only influenced economic structures but also had profound social implications. Urbanization accelerated as people moved to cities in search of work. With the rise of factories, a new labor force emerged, often including women and children, who worked long hours in harsh conditions for minimal pay. As societal issues such as child labor and worker rights became more prevalent, social reformers began advocating for changes to improve the conditions of workers. This period also saw the rise of labor unions, which fought for better wages and working conditions through collective bargaining.

While the Industrial Revolution is often viewed as a purely economic advancement, it also initiated discussions about ethics in business practices, the responsibility of industrialists to their workers, and the balance between profit and humane working environments.