Understanding Variation in Perception through Depth

The phenomenon of perceptual constancy allows us to perceive the properties of an object as stable, even when sensory input changes due to variations in distance, angle, or lighting. For example, a car is recognized as the same vehicle regardless of whether it is viewed from far away or up close. This consistency in perception is essential for accurate interpretation of our environment.

Consider a situation where two individuals are watching a movie in a dimly lit theater. One person, sitting in the front row, may perceive the brightness and colors of the film very differently than the other person, who is seated further back. Which of the following concepts best explains the variation in perception of the movie between the two viewers?