Weakening a Conclusion About Music and Study Performance

Very Easy Weaken Undermine Argument

A recent study suggests that students who study with music perform better on exams than those who study in silence. The researchers conclude that listening to music while studying leads to improved academic performance.

Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the researchers' conclusion?

Students who study with music report feeling more relaxed than those who study in silence.

Many students who study in silence also perform well on exams.

The majority of high-performing students prefer to study in quiet environments.

Students in the study did not review their material before the exam.

The exam was specifically designed to evaluate students' ability to multitask.

Hint

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