Weakening an Environmental Argument

Very Hard Critical Reasoning Evaluating Arguments

A recent environmental report suggests that the increase in urban air pollution is primarily due to the rise in the number of vehicles on the road. The report argues that if cities implement stricter vehicle emission standards, the overall air quality will improve significantly. However, some experts challenge this assertion, claiming that factors such as industrial emissions and construction activities also contribute substantially to urban air pollution.

The experts cite statistics indicating that in cities where industrial growth has surged, air quality has deteriorated despite the introduction of stricter vehicle emission standards. They suggest that a comprehensive approach, addressing all significant sources of pollution, is necessary to achieve meaningful improvements in air quality.

Based on the arguments presented, which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the environmental report's conclusion?

Vehicle emissions are responsible for a majority of respiratory illnesses in urban areas.

Cities that implement stricter vehicle emission standards often invest in public transit improvements.

Some cities with strict vehicle emission standards still face significant air pollution challenges.

Studies have shown that vegetation can significantly mitigate the effects of urban air pollution.

Hint

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