Weakening Argument about Probiotic Efficacy

Hard Weaken Undermine Argument

Recent studies suggest that individuals who consume probiotics regularly experience fewer digestive issues than those who do not. Proponents of probiotics argue that introducing beneficial bacteria into the gut helps maintain a healthy digestive flora. However, this conclusion has been questioned. Critics contend that individuals who do not consume probiotics might already have other dietary or lifestyle factors damaging their gut health, which has not been adequately considered in these studies.

Given this context, which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the argument made by proponents of probiotics?

Individuals who take probiotics tend to consume a more balanced diet than those who do not.

A significant percentage of the population avoids dairy-based products, which are often sources of probiotics.

Many people who experience digestive issues do not include probiotics in their diets.

Research has shown that stress significantly impacts digestive health, regardless of probiotic consumption.

Probiotic supplements are more effective than naturally derived probiotics from food.

Hint

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