Impact of the Columbian Exchange on Indigenous Populations

Very Hard Period 1: 1491–1607 Columbian Exchange

The Columbian Exchange, initiated by the voyages of Christopher Columbus, had profound effects on the ecology and economies of both Europe and the Americas. Scholars often analyze the immediate and long-term impacts of this exchange on various cultures, economies, and societies. One significant aspect of the Columbian Exchange was the introduction of non-native species to different continents and the transformations that resulted from these introductions. Which of the following outcomes is most directly attributed to the Columbian Exchange during this period?

The development of uniquely American agricultural practices based on indigenous farming methods.

The drastic decline of indigenous populations due to diseases introduced by Europeans.

The establishment of colonial trade routes based solely on the export of silver from the Americas.

The rise of a unified European identity through shared religious and cultural practices.

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