Equal Protection and Gender Discrimination

In recent decades, the United States Supreme Court has adjudicated several landmark cases that interpret the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Consider the implications of the following scenarios: In these cases, the Court has been challenged to delineate the boundaries of discrimination based on various classifications such as race, gender, and sexual orientation.

Which of the following Supreme Court cases achieved a significant legal precedent in establishing that laws must serve a compelling state interest and must be narrowly tailored to achieve that interest when discriminating based on gender?