Biological Constraints in Taste Aversion Learning

In the study of learning theories, particularly in classical conditioning, there is significant documentation on how organisms develop aversions or preferences based on innate biological predispositions. This can particularly be observed in research conducted on taste aversion. Taste aversion learning differs from typical forms of classical conditioning due to certain biological constraints that dictate which stimuli can be associated with illness or negative experiences. Which of the following accurately illustrates the concept of biological constraints in the context of taste aversion?