Description: Enhancing the logical flow and coherence of a text.

Key Concepts: Organizing paragraphs logically, using transitions effectively, ensuring coherence and flow.

Examples:

• Reorganize paragraphs to improve logical flow.
• Use transitions to connect ideas effectively.

Description: Understanding and improving the effectiveness of a text through strategy choices.

Key Concepts: Identifying the main idea, eliminating irrelevant information, and improving clarity and focus.

Examples:

• Identify the main idea of a paragraph and ensure it is clearly stated.
• Remove sentences that do not contribute to the overall purpose of a passage.

Description: Improving the tone, clarity, and effectiveness of language in writing.

Key Concepts: Choosing precise words, maintaining an appropriate tone, varying sentence structures.

Examples:

• Choose precise and appropriate words to convey a message.
• Maintain a consistent tone throughout a passage.
• Vary sentence structures to enhance readability.

Description: Understanding and applying rules of grammar and usage in writing.

Key Concepts: Subject-verb agreement, verb tense, pronoun-antecedent agreement, adjective and adverb usage.

Examples:

• Ensure subject-verb agreement in complex sentences.
• Correctly use verb tenses to indicate time relationships.
• Identify and correct pronoun-antecedent agreement errors.

Description: Understanding and correctly using punctuation marks such as commas, apostrophes, colons, and semicolons.

Key Concepts: Correct use of commas, periods, colons, semicolons, apostrophes, and quotation marks.

Examples:

• Identify and correct misplaced commas in a sentence.
• Use apostrophes correctly to show possession or create contractions.
• Determine the correct placement of colons and semicolons in complex sentences.

Description: Understanding sentence formation and structure, including modifiers, clauses, and parallelism.

Key Concepts: Recognizing and correcting sentence fragments and run-ons, ensuring proper placement of modifiers, and maintaining parallel structure.

Examples:

• Identify and correct sentence fragments.
• Ensure modifiers are placed correctly within a sentence.
• Maintain parallel structure in lists and comparisons.

Description: Solving complex problems that require a combination of basic arithmetic skills.

Key Concepts: Percentages, ratios, rates, and proportional relationships.

Examples:

• Calculate the percentage increase or decrease.
• Determine the ratio between two quantities.
• Solve rate problems, such as speed or density calculations.

Description: Creating and using mathematical models to solve real-world problems.

Key Concepts: Interpreting and analyzing graphs, functions, and equations in real-world contexts.

Examples:

• Create a mathematical model to represent a real-world situation.
• Analyze a graph to make predictions about future trends.
• Use an equation to solve a real-world problem.

Description: Solving equations, inequalities, and systems of equations, and interpreting and analyzing algebraic expressions.

Key Concepts: Linear equations, quadratic equations, systems of equations, and polynomial expressions.

Examples:

• Solve a system of linear equations using substitution or elimination.
• Factor quadratic expressions.
• Simplify polynomial expressions.

Description: Understanding and interpreting functions, their properties, and their graphs.

Key Concepts: Linear, quadratic, exponential, and logarithmic functions, function notation, and transformations of functions.

Examples:

• Evaluate functions for given values.
• Graph transformations of functions.
• Interpret function notation.

Description: Understanding and solving problems involving geometric shapes, properties, and theorems.

Key Concepts: Properties of circles, triangles, and other polygons, volume and surface area, coordinate geometry, and trigonometry.

Examples:

• Calculate the area of a triangle given its base and height.
• Use the Pythagorean theorem to find the length of a side in a right triangle.
• Determine the volume of a cylinder given its radius and height.

Description: Understanding and working with different types of numbers and performing operations on them.

Key Concepts: Real and complex numbers, integer and rational exponents, vectors and matrices.

Examples:

• Simplify expressions with integer exponents.
• Perform operations with complex numbers.
• Apply properties of vectors and matrices.

Description: Understanding and applying concepts of statistics and probability to interpret and analyze data.

Key Concepts: Measures of center and spread, data representation, probability, and statistical inference.

Examples:

• Calculate the mean, median, and mode of a data set.
• Interpret a box plot or scatter plot.
• Calculate probabilities of simple and compound events.

Description: Analyzing the structure of a text and how specific parts relate to each other and the whole.

Key Concepts: Text organization, paragraph structure, overall text structure.

Examples:

• Identify how a paragraph fits into the overall structure of a text.
• Analyze how a specific section contributes to the development of ideas or themes.
• Describe the organization of the text and its effectiveness.

Description: Interpreting the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in the text, including figurative and connotative meanings, and understanding how word choice affects meaning and tone.

Key Concepts: Context clues, word meanings, tone, figurative language.

Examples:

• Determine the meaning of a word based on context clues.
• Analyze how word choice affects the tone of a passage.
• Interpret figurative language within the text.

Description: Analyzing how authors build arguments and evaluating the validity of claims and evidence presented in the text.

Key Concepts: Argument structure, evidence evaluation, claim validity.

Examples:

• Analyze how an author constructs an argument.
• Evaluate the strength of evidence provided to support claims.
• Identify logical fallacies or weaknesses in arguments.

Description: Integrating and evaluating content presented in different formats, including visually and quantitatively, as well as in words.

Key Concepts: Visual information, quantitative data, synthesis of information.

Examples:

• Interpret information from graphs or charts in the context of the text.
• Synthesize information from multiple sources.
• Evaluate the effectiveness of information presented in different formats.

Description: Determining central ideas or themes of a text and analyzing their development over the course of the text.

Key Concepts: Main idea, theme, summary, development of ideas.

Examples:

• Identify the main idea or theme of a passage.
• Analyze how the theme or main idea develops throughout the text.
• Summarize the text effectively.

Description: Reading closely to determine what the text says explicitly and to make logical inferences from it.

Key Concepts: Explicit information, logical inferences, textual evidence.

Examples:

• Identify explicit information from the text.
• Make logical inferences based on textual evidence.
• Provide specific examples from the text to support conclusions.

Description: Understanding relationships within the text, including how characters, events, and ideas interact and develop.

Key Concepts: Character relationships, event sequences, interactions, cause and effect.

Examples:

• Describe relationships between characters.
• Analyze cause-and-effect relationships within the text.
• Explain how events are related and how they develop the plot or ideas.

Description: Understanding and analyzing arguments presented in scientific passages.

Key Concepts: Argument structure, evidence evaluation, scientific reasoning.

Examples:

• Identify the main argument in a scientific passage.
• Evaluate the evidence supporting an argument.
• Analyze the reasoning behind different scientific arguments.

Description: Evaluating and comparing different scientific hypotheses or viewpoints presented in a passage.

Key Concepts: Hypothesis evaluation, viewpoint comparison, argument analysis.

Examples:

• Compare two or more hypotheses presented in a passage.
• Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of different viewpoints.
• Analyze arguments to determine which is more scientifically valid.

Description: Analyzing data from experiments to draw conclusions and make inferences.

Key Concepts: Data trends, experimental results, inference making.

Examples:

• Analyze data trends to predict outcomes.
• Interpret experimental results to draw conclusions.
• Make inferences based on data presented in various formats.

Description: Interpreting and understanding information presented in graphs, tables, and other visual formats.

Key Concepts: Graph interpretation, table reading, data extraction.

Examples:

• Read a graph and determine the relationship between variables.
• Extract relevant data from a table to answer questions.
• Interpret diagrams to understand scientific concepts.

Description: Understanding the design and methodology of scientific experiments.

Key Concepts: Hypotheses, variables, experimental controls.

Examples:

• Identify the hypothesis being tested in an experiment.
• Determine the independent and dependent variables.
• Understand the role of controls in experiments.

Description: Analyzing experimental results and drawing appropriate conclusions.

Key Concepts: Result analysis, conclusion drawing, error identification.

Examples:

• Analyze results to determine if they support the hypothesis.
• Draw conclusions based on experimental data.
• Identify potential sources of error in experiments.

Description: Effectively integrating examples to illustrate and support ideas.

Key Concepts: Example relevance, illustration, support strength.

Examples:

• Using relevant examples to support points.
• Illustrating ideas with clear examples.
• Strengthening arguments through well-chosen examples.

Description: Using logical reasoning to support ideas and arguments.

Key Concepts: Argument structure, logical flow, evidence use.

Examples:

• Structuring arguments in a logical manner.
• Using clear reasoning to support claims.
• Incorporating evidence effectively.

Description: Considering and analyzing multiple viewpoints on the issue.

Key Concepts: Perspective analysis, critical thinking, viewpoint integration.

Examples:

• Discussing different perspectives on the topic.
• Critically analyzing opposing viewpoints.
• Integrating multiple perspectives into the essay.

Description: Creating relevant ideas that are well-suited to the topic.

Key Concepts: Relevance, creativity, topic engagement.

Examples:

• Developing ideas that are directly related to the topic.
• Creating novel insights or perspectives.
• Engaging deeply with the subject matter.

Description: Using correct grammar and syntax in writing.

Key Concepts: Sentence structure, grammatical accuracy, syntactical variety.

Examples:

• Writing grammatically correct sentences.
• Using varied sentence structures.
• Avoiding grammatical errors.

Description: Using correct spelling, punctuation, and capitalization.

Key Concepts: Spelling accuracy, punctuation, capitalization.

Examples:

• Spelling words correctly.
• Using appropriate punctuation.
• Capitalizing words correctly.

Description: Writing coherent paragraphs that support the main argument.

Key Concepts: Paragraph structure, focus, supporting details.

Examples:

• Writing focused paragraphs with a clear main idea.
• Using supporting details to develop the paragraph’s main idea.
• Ensuring each paragraph contributes to the overall argument.

Description: Arranging ideas and arguments in a clear and logical order.

Key Concepts: Essay structure, coherence, logical flow.

Examples:

• Organizing the essay into clear, logical sections.
• Ensuring a coherent flow of ideas.
• Using transitions to connect ideas smoothly.